Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Finance - Essay Example Although, it is practically not possible to control some forces that operate outside a business, such as availability of the capital and the world economic conditions, management need to inspire and guide internal operations in helping ensure a secure competitive position within the marketplace. Moreover, both innovation and adaptability are essential in helping gain market share, and stay profitable in the event of fluctuating economic climates (Hill & Westbrook, 1997). Research show that for a business to remain being competitive in the market, it has to always impress innovative services and products, a market plan and a fair pricing (Hill & Westbrook, 1997). In meeting the high standards, there is need for an operation efficient to be implemented as it helps in keeping the price competitive. For a well-run business, a shared goal is often incorporated with a view to inspire a spirit of co-operation among its departments (Humphrey, 2005). In challenging times, dynamic leadership i s crucial for maintaining a profitable business. Excellent performance is credited to increased productivity to the main company. Increased or impressive productivity is the central core of many companies (Menon, et al. 1999). Therefore, the increase in the profitability capacities of a company is placed amongst the central targets of any company (Menon, et al. 1999). In the case of Berksire Threaded Fasteners Company, its profitability is challenged by several factors, amongst them internal policies and external market factors, amongst others. In this paper, an analysis of the impact that can be aroused upon deployment of various actions will be investigated. Body For a situation where the company could have dropped the 300 series as of January 1, 2000, there is an effect that action would have on the profit for the first six months of 2000. In this case, it is noted that consumers often expect value (Armstrong. 1996). These consumers demand an effective customer service given that they are accessible to data alongside product information. Given the internet services, it is possible to make comparison of features and prices. This helps consumer forces companies to change into transparent market machines. The profitability potential accorded to 300 series surpasses the potential exhibited by the other three products. This reflects on the aspects such as the cost of production, as well as the after production expense. Focusing on the initial, 300 series is the most economical in production. This reflects on both the input and the labor cost. The comparison from this dimension indicates that 300 series is the least expensive of the three. While evaluating on a summative angle, the cost of production associated to the three products amounts to $ 3433. A further analysis of this figure indicates that 300 series only accounts for approximately 26 percent, while the other two presumes the rest. 100 series has the highest share with about 40 percent. The only differe nce in terms of production of the products is the rent cost for 300 series. Over this regard, several aspects of the production line can be isolated. Amongst them is the productivity of the line, as well as the possible future dynamics. This is based on a possibility of equity in the production numbers (Armstrong,

Monday, October 28, 2019

Data communications and neetworks Essay Example for Free

Data communications and neetworks Essay What is signalling? Signalling is a term used for the use of data being transmitted or carried across a medium for example in a network this could be a cat 5 cable. There has to be a way also for the receiver to interpret the data being sent and this is controlled by whats called encoding however the word modulation also means the same thing. The signal that is sent it modified in a way for it to signify data. There are different types of transmission methods which differ from what type of medium you are using for example cables or wireless there are four which are listed below: 1. Electrical uses your cables to transport data between nodes 2. Radio Waves this would be your wireless networks and could also include Bluetooth devices. 3. Light this would use fibre optic cabling to send high speeds of data 4. Microwave Analogue Digital Signalling There are two different types of signalling and these can be done in Analogue which means it changes all time in both amplitude and frequency. For example an analogue clock which has its hands moving all the time is changing the time all the time. Whereas with digital signalling which are representations of discrete time signals. For example a digital clock shows the minutes and not the seconds. When the information is being sent over a network when communicating, the information can travel in two forms, these are analogue and digital. The difference between the two is simple that analogue signalling never stops, and the information is being sent continuously, a good example of this signalling is clocks. An analogue clock will never stop, as the second hand is always ticking, therefore one can record an accurate reading of the time to the second, or even millisecond. For example, 1 hour 15 minutes and 24 seconds. Appose this to digital signalling where one can not get an accurate reading of a clock as it will only show the minutes. And therefore is not continuous. This is because the data is consisting of separate states, which are on or off. Sine Wave This type of wave has two properties a Amplitude Frequency, the amplitude represents the strength of the signal which would be the volume of a sound for example somebody talking. If the amplitude is stronger than it will travel further. The frequency of a Sine Wave is the rise and fall of the wave from the zero to the top and then back to the zero this is known as a cycle and is measured in Hz. The higher frequency the more cycles and therefore the lower the frequency the lower the cycles. Analogue The image below shows the analogue type of signalling its constantly changing and represents all the values in the wave range, there is always a value in between a value and another. http://moodle. derby-college. ac. uk/mod/resource/view. php? id=2346 Digital With digital signalling there are no in betweens like there in analogue its simply either 1 or 0, digital represents separate states and the change between these are practically unnoticeable. http://moodle. derby-college. ac. uk/mod/resource/view. php? id=2346 Asynchronous Transmission Asynchronous transmission is when signals are not sent at regular intervals. A good example of this would be a user using a keyboard attached to a computer. The characters are sent irregularly however the bits must be sent at known intervals. This is done by having accurate clocks at both ends of the link. The receiving clock starts when it receives the first bit from the transmitter, this is also known as the start bit. The receiver then expects to receive a known number of bits every tick of the clock. When it has received these bits the clock may stop; the last bit is known as the stop bit. Synchronous Transmission However when large volumes of data are to be transferred, the waste of the stop and stop bits with every character means that asynchronous transmission is not an efficient method. With high-speed devices, and buffered low-speed devices, data can be transmitted in large, timed, synchronous blocks. The clocks, in the receiver and transmitter, are kept synchronised by sending regular groups of special characters called SYN characters. Each time one of these groups is detected the receiver re-sets its clock, the data apart from this, its transmitted in exactly the same way as for asynchronous transmission. We can visualise the data as follows: Bit Synchronisation In a digital signal, as well as on occasion, an analogue one, all the different devices must know how often the signal varies along the transmission medium. For example, if the speed of the changes goes faster then the rate at which the device checks for changes, there will be a few of the bits missed between samples. If then sampling rate goes faster then the rate at which the transmission goes, the same bit will be used for a different sample a second time. To combat this fact, the devices are made to a universal standard so that they can work together in harmony, and there are set systems in place to allow the data to be transferred correctly. A lot of the current technologies use asynchronous serial transmission. This transmission method is used when data is not sent at regular intervals, but the bits themselves have to be sent with regularity, some examples of these are keyboard, mice or even modems. During the spans of time that no signal is sent, the line or other medium is in what is called an idle state. This is defined by the constant 1 signal being sent. One there is a packet of data that needs to be sent, for example, a key on the keyboard is pressed, the receiver first gets a start bit, a 0 state instead of a 1 to define the beginning of a piece of data now being sent to the receiver, it is then sampled and at the end of the data transmission, the signal returns to the original constant 1 state. Encoding Methods Encoding simply means that the information is converted from one format to another format. This is a process that the data needs to have done to it before the computer can understand it and process it. There are different types of encoding which are   Manchester Encoding is a data communications line code which provides a way of encoding binary data sequences. Each bit is related to by at least one voltage level transition. Manchester encoding is said to be self clocking this means that synchronisation of a data stream is possible. Huffman Encoding is another algorithm used for data compression; the coding uses a specific method for choosing the representation for each symbol. Unipolar Encoding This type of encoding has 2 voltage states, one of these states is zero and because of this its also know as Return to Zero (RTZ) Unipolar encoding is used in computers logic and an example of where its used in computers is the TTL logic. Polar Encoding Polar encoding is when the digital encoding is on a level with zero volts for example the RS232 standard interface uses Polar encoding and unlike Unipolar the value doesnt return to zero, its either a positive or negative voltage. With polar encoding it reduces most of the residual DC problem.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Hoop Dreams And Rasin In The Sun - Comparison Contrast Paper

The movie Hoop Dreams shows you the difficulties and obstacles that come in the way of dreams. Although it’s said that if you believe in a dream long enough it will come true, but in Hoop Dreams and A Raisin in the Sun you are shown the harsh realities of the falseness of that statement. And that the reality of a dream not coming true hits you like a brick wall. Many obstacles get in the way of the road to dreams in both stories. In both stories, all families suffer from having little knowledge, and it doesn’t help that they’re all black. Also being poor and living in the ghetto makes things that much harder. Pregnancies also put big bumps in the road to success, in both instances it makes the families come together and try their hardest to make it through. However, there are also many different obstacles that come in the way for each family. In Hoop Dreams, both William and Arthur are given much support to fulfill their dreams of getting to the NBA, but Walter in A Raisin in the Sun is only given grief on getting his liquor store. This can point the young immature teens to giving them more hope that a very rare dream will come true. Also, the two ballplayers do have talent to help them start down the road to success, but that can be very misleading, all Walter has is the nagging of his buddies Bobo and Willy. The toughest of t he obstacles to overcome was when William injured his knee and it affected his basketball career for a long time. He never really did get over it, he...

Thursday, October 24, 2019

The 1820 Missouri Compromise Essay -- essays research papers fc

The 1820 Missouri Compromise Slavery and the Civil War Research Task- Describe the role of the 1820 Missouri Compromise in the campaign against slavery! The 1820 Missouri Compromise played a large role in the campaign against slavery. In 1819 Missouri became a statehood and congress considered framing a state constitution, with this a representative attempted to add a anti-slavery legislation with it. This is what started the process of the campaign against slavery. Henry Clay made a large contribution toward this compromise in 1820, with his new ideas on how to settle the conflict between the North and the South, which lasted until 1954.All the compromise’s made from 1820's to the Kansas Nebraska compromise in 1854, were all factors which led to the civil war. The state constitution in 1819, was what began of this compromise when James Tallmadge, a representative from New York attempted to add a anti- slavery amendment to the legislation. This gave a ugly and conflicted debate over slavery and the governments rights to restrict slavery. This Tallmadge amendment restricted all further introduction of slaves into Missouri and provided setting free once they reached the age of 25.This legislation was not passed, as the House of Representatives which was controlled by the North passed the idea, but it failed in the Senate which was equally divided between the North and the South. Although the legislation didn’t pass it led to Henry Clay taking it on when Maine became a free state. When Maine became a free state, the plan was largely that of Henry Clay who became known as the ‘Great Compromiser.’ Before there was a Compromise, there was a lot of controversy as there was always a equal amount of free states and slaves states since 1789, if Maine was to become a free state (which was highly unavoidable as slaves started to migrate into Missouri and the West of Mississippi), there became a unbalance. This issue was resolved through a two-part compromise, the northern part of Massachuset became known as Maine and was made a free state, at the same time Missouri was a slave state which would once again maintain a balance of 12 slave and 12 free states. In addition to this, a line was drawn at 36 degrees 30 minutes North latitude, and any sections of Louisiana territory lying North of the compromise would be free. This act also pr... ...ving twice been a resident on Free soil. The lower court and the Missouri Supreme Court ruled against him; and the case went to the US Supreme Court. The Chief Justice Rodger Taney declared that the Missouri Compromise, was unconstitutional and the congress didn’t have the power. The issue of slavery, once again, made war sound as if it couldn’t be avoided. The 1820 Missouri Compromise was known as highly dangerous and conflicting as it was trying to keep an equal balance of Free and slave-holding states between the North and the South, although the compromise did play a vital role in withholding the peace between the North and the South until the new compromise in 1854 came about. The Missouri compromise was said that it with held the Civil War for over three decades and it played a vital role in the start of the abolition of slavery in America. Bibliography- Word Count- 1112 Internet Sites Used- http://www.rosecity.net/civilwar/capesites/warmap.html - Sat 12 February, Time 12:42-1:09pm http://colfa.utsa.edu:16080/users/jreynolds/Textbooks/Abolition/Abolitionists%20Mussey.htm Sat 12 February, Time 12:12-12:56pm. Books Used

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Immanuel Kant Essay

Deontological ethics are concerned with what people do and not with the consequences of their actions. It teaches some actions might be correct or wrong because of their nature, and it is the duty of the people to act accordingly, regardless of the consequences that might occur, for the good or bad. It basically means one has to adhere to the universal rules and guidelines irrespective of the consequences and act in accordance to them. Getting to the means is not important by the way or choice of getting to the mean is important. Immanuel Kant, the man who formulated this theory had a method to practice this theory and this was known as the maxims. Before testing the decisions of the product manager with the three maxims, let’s look at the decision from a business and not an ethical point of view. The product manager has chosen the Thai company and it benefits his company financially as his costs go down by 1/3 rd the price, thus making sense from a business point of view. There is another way of looking at this situation, it could be said that this decision of the product manager is providing those families with work and giving them a chance to make some money and earn a livelihood and provide for themselves. Also the decision makes sense on a personal level as he stands to earn a hefty bonus at the end of the year. In spite of the decision making financial and business sense, on his way back the product manager had an ethical dilemma as the decision questioned his morality as the situation involved inhumanity and child labour, leading him to think is this the right decision? Testing the decision against the three maxims, I will decide whether the decision taken by the product manager is ethical or not. Considering the three maxims a lot of valid points can be argued for and against the decision of the product manager. Maxim 1: The first maxim states that â€Å"Act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law without contradiction†. The decision contradicts the universal law as the product manager does not want to see his nieces in the same situation as the kids making the toys. He wonders about his nieces and whether he would like to see them grow up as the kids making the toys. He wants his nieces to have a good life with education, shelter and all basic necessities. According to maxim 1, even the children making the toys should have the same privileges. As a result this decision by the product manager fails maxim 1 and although it makes financial sense, ethically it will not be right and according to the universal law the decision does not support deontology theory as the product manager is not at ease with himself in the same situation. As a result according to maxim 1 it will be a non-ethical decision. BAFD2 1321A PAGE 2 Ethics in Business Studies Maxim 2: The second maxim states that â€Å"Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, never merely as a means to an end but always at the same time as an end†. This means one should treat another person as one would like to be in the treated himself. The product manager would definitely not want to be in the same situation as the family making the toys, where young children who are supposed to go to school and have a normal childhood sitting all day and making toys and an old lady preparing meals for everybody as the family lives in sub-standard conditions. He would not want his nieces in that similar situation or his family living in similar circumstances. This cannot be considered humanitarian and as a result the decision of the product manager fails the second maxim of deontology and cannot be considered to be an ethical decision. Maxim 3: The third maxim states â€Å"Therefore, every rational being must so act as if he were through his maxim always a legislating member in the universal kingdom of ends. † This maxim does rationalise the decision of the product manager. These families that make the toys depend on this for their livelihood and need it for their survival. So if the product manager declines the offer some other company might take it up and the families will continue to work and live in the same situation. If the product manager declines the contract he may be depriving the families of their income. On the other hand by accepting the contract he is supporting child labour and inhuman working conditions. This makes him wonder and he would not want to see his family in a situation where he is sitting in a barn with his nieces working and his mother cooking a meal. The children that should be at school are forced to work and elderly women are forced to work too. Seeing his family in a similar situation would want to make him decline the contract on ethical grounds. However with regards to the third maxim the decision to choose the Thai company does not pass the test but neither does it fail the maxim test. The decision to decline may not be warranted as some other company might take up the contract but on a rational and ethical ground declining the contract will be a correct decision on part of the product manager. As we have seen in this essay the decision of the product manager to choose the Thai company does not pass all three maxims and as a result it should be considered as an unethical decision. BAFD2 1321A PAGE 3 Ethics in Business Studies References: †¢Bbc. co. uk, (2014). BBC – Ethics – Introduction to ethics: Duty-based ethics. [online] Available at: http://www. bbc. co. uk/ethics/introduction/duty_1. shtml [Accessed 15 Jul. 2014]. †¢Crane, A. and Matten, D. (2010). Business ethics. 1st ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. †¢Ethics. iit. edu, (2014). Deontological | ethics. iit. edu. [online] Available at: http://ethics. iit. edu/teaching/deontological [Accessed 15 Jul. 2014]. BAFD2 1321A.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Discuss the roles of language and reason in history Essay Example

Discuss the roles of language and reason in history Essay Example Discuss the roles of language and reason in history Paper Discuss the roles of language and reason in history Paper History is often considered as a synonym for truth and certainty. But history is such an area of knowledge that poses a number of deterrents in our quest for knowledge as the knowers cannot discover the past forthwith. This so called remembering the past is no easy nut-it is a complex web rendered difficult to disentangle given that the historical event takes place in the past; it is gone and irrecoverable!. Thus to write a history a historian has to resort to his reason, and obviously the said historian will write the historical accounts in his native language only. Thus language and reason stand as pillars for creating the foundations of history. Reasoning is closely connected with emotion, sense perception and language. In fact language is at the very core of reasoning. Language is a vast unmapped territory fascinating our intelligence and casting spells on our reason. According to â€Å"Max Mueller, there can be no language without reason, and no reason without language†2. Through this essay I would like to elucidate the roles of language and reason in history. My essay will also inquire into if language and reason as ways of knowing can pervert a historical account from the path of truth? If a historian endeavours to explore the past, his step surely is to find out all the possible facts. Unless the historian makes an exact sense of the data, it is all absurd, as we know that the fact won’t speak for themselves. We must remember that the historian is an individual, not impregnable to bias, prejudice and discrimination. His history will be dependent on his particular interests, which are in turn, partially based on his culture. It is here where the crux of the problem lies. Like a geologists the historian too has to find the weak fossils print buried deep inside the earth. For example we get a number of baffling accounts behind the death of Alexander the Great. Different historians have written their accounts in different languages. Some opine that he died of malaria; others claim that he died of poisoning while many are of the view that he was assassinated at the palace of Nebuchadnezzar II in Babylon. Thus the historian has to be selective and he selects on the basis of his own paradigms. It is on these grounds that history is called an act of creation. And it is of critical importance to understand, in general terms, the basis on which any selection is made, and analyzed by the historian using his language and reason. Many historians wield their imaginative thinking or reason to write history but â€Å"is not memory fallible, evidence ambiguous and prejudice common3†? According to historian Barbara Tuchman, â€Å"Each man is a package of variables impossible to duplicate. His birth, his parents, his siblings, and the variables inherent in all of these, make up that mysterious compendium, personality-which then combines with another set of variables: country, climate, time and historical circumstance.† 4 Language is closely tied to ideas about human cognition and interaction with the world. Despite its importance, language is not the perfect medium of communication as it is governed by rules; it is intended, creative and open-ended. Moreover languages are not static entities; they change and develop over time. Problematic meanings can be found in every language. The words can be vague, ambiguous, secondary (the same word may have different detonation and connotation), metaphorical and ironical. Translation of a language into other is another stumbling block. There are around 3000 different languages in the world. Every language contains words that have no equivalent in other languages. So can language be considered as a cornerstone for the historians? As a child, I was mesmerized by wars. I read the most bewitching account of war in Homer’s Iliad where he talks about the legendary Trojan War. Was it a war or only a myth? Nothing can be said as Homer derived the epic poem from primeval sources. In the epic, Helen is limned as the most beautiful woman on earth while Achilles as the grandest warrior. Now what can we say as to the authenticity of Homer’s claims? Were the characters for real or it was his national bias to portray them as Hellenic legends? I read the Greek epic through translation only. Did the translator write the exact replication of Homer’s words, or he amalgamated the facts with his presumptions, giving them a hyperbolized touch? Is the epic not twice removed from reality then?

Monday, October 21, 2019

Complete Guide to Peer Recommendations

Complete Guide to Peer Recommendations SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Choose your friends wisely, they say...because they might be getting you into college. Granted, that phrase probably didn't originate in the world of competitive college admissions, but it applies to Dartmouth and Davidson, both of which require peer recommendations along with the traditional teacher and counselor recs. Your peers can (and are expected to) give a different perspective than your teachers and counselors. This guide will go over the exact requirements for peer evaluations, along with advice on who you can ask and how to ensure a strong peer recommendation for your college applications. To start, which schools want a peer letter of rec, and what are they looking for? Requirements for Peer Recommendations The only two schools that require peer recs so far are Dartmouth and Davidson (well, Dartmouth just "strongly encourages" that you send one, but that's the same as required when you're applying to such a selective school). Some students also opt to provide supplemental peer evaluations to other colleges, especially if their teacher or counselor rec letters are lacking in deep insight or information. I would advise caution about this- admissions officers usually don't enjoy too much extra material unless it really adds an important dimension to The Story of You. For Dartmouth, your peer evaluation can come from much pretty much anybody, whether it's a friend, fellow student, co-worker, or sibling. Dartmouth says, "You might ask a friend from school, or camp, or your neighborhood. It might be a teammate, someone from your community of faith, or a co-worker. Perhaps a cousin, a sibling: it doesn't matter. We don't want another letter from a teacher, coach, or other supervisory presence in your life; we have enough of those. Ask a peer who can provide fresh insight into your interests and your character. Davidson, on the other hand, seems to prefer that the peer remain outside the family and be a classmate or friend. They say, "This Peer Recommendation is to be completed by a classmate or close friend who knows the applicant well and can evaluate the applicant's strengths. This recommendation can provide useful information in ascertaining the competitiveness of the applicant. You, as a close friend or classmate, know the applicant in a different way than do teachers, counselors, principals, and advisors. Your insights will help us to understand the nature and extent of the respect accorded to the applicant by peers. Since Davidson can select only a small number of the total applicant pool to fill each year's entering class, your assessment of this applicant's strengths and weaknesses will be important in our decision." Both Dartmouth and Davidson are hoping the peer evaluation will provide fresh insight into the applicant's character and personality. Rather than speaking to your academic achievement and potential, peer recs can discuss your personal qualities and passions, along with who you are as a friend and how you'll interact and contribute socially on campus. This is an important and distinct shift from teacher and counselor recommendations, which tend to be more formal and focused on past achievements and future potential. Before delving deeper into exactly what admissions committees are looking for in peer recommendations, let's conclude these logistics with information on how to submit. Dartmouth will have you add your peer recommender using the "Other Recommender" tab on the Common Application. Your friend or relative will upload his/her letter onto the Common App. Davidson asks peer recommenders to upload their letters here. In addition to the statement of support, recommenders are asked to rank you on a number of character traits and personal qualities, such as your leadership, energy and initiative, self-confidence, concern for others, and reaction to criticism. While the additional statement seems optional, simply saying, "We welcome any additional statement you wish to make about the applicant," it's important that your peer recommender give a thoughtful response. That's the main part of the peer evaluation. Apart from getting a sense of who you are as a peer rather than as a student, what do admissions officers hope to learn from the peer letter of reference? The drama! The intrigue! The heartfelt support of a close friend! What Do Admissions Committees Look For in Peer Recommendations? Admissions officers like to emphasize that their process is a "holistic" one, meaning they're not just looking at grades and test scores, but rather trying to get a sense of who the student is as a person. Some of a student's motivations, interests, and commitments can be gleaned from their involvement in and out of school and accomplishments over the years. A student active in her school's Gay-Straight Alliance and Amnesty International likely cares about activism, social justice, and the promotion of human rights. However, one student might be involved in these clubs because she aspires to be a human rights lawyer, while another student might be driven to use social entrepreneurship to promote causes she believes in. Both these goals speak to different interests and future fields of study and plans. Recommendation letters can shed more light on why a student does what she does. They can describe what drives a student and what personal qualities make her stand out. Peer recommendations are unique, because they can speak to your character and personality from the perspective of a friend and sibling. They're not expected to be formal or to try to emulate how a teacher or counselor might write. Instead, they can reflect the relationship you and your recommender have together. Admissions officers want to know what kind of friend, roommate, and peer you'll be when you come to campus. Some skills that might impress them include strong communication, collaboration, passion, focus, resourcefulness, humor, friendliness, compassion, and resilience. Your peer is in an especially good spot to comment on your qualities as a friend, whether it include your openness, emotional intelligence, maturity, loyalty, creativity, and supportiveness, to name a few. The strongest recommendations will highlight and dive deeply into a few significant qualities. They'll also use specific examples and stories to demonstrate those qualities. Rather than simply calling you a supportive friend, for instance, your recommender could write about the care packages you put together for her every day for a month when her family was going through tough times. As the old adage of creative writing goes, your recommender should remember to "show, don't tell." Given all this, who can you ask that will write you a thoughtful, insightful, and colorful letter of recommendation? Decisions are hard. Who Should You Ask for a Peer Recommendation? The best peer recommendations come from people who know you well. Your recommender should be able to write about meaningful, touching, funny, or poignant experiences that illuminate positive aspects of you. Of course, you also want to make sure there's no conflict of interest that could potentially compromise your recommendation. If your friend is also applying to Dartmouth, has been planning her whole life to go there, and is worried about how selective it is, you might want to ask yourself if there's any chance she doesn't have your best interests at heart. Hopefully no one would purposely sabotage your application for her own gain, but just something to consider! A third important consideration is how strong of a writer your friend is, and how much time and effort she can give to your letter. While she may have the best intentions of helping you, if she has subpar writing skills or is juggling her own insanely busy schedule, then your letter might not end up as the powerful statement of support you need for selective schools like Dartmouth and Davidson. Finally, I would say that your friend's openness to suggestions and advice could be another helpful factor. Assuming your friend isn't a Dartmouth or Davidson admissions expert, you could help her out a lot by telling her about the school's culture and about what goes into a strong letter of recommendation. You can share information and advice with her, and she can learn about peer recommendation letters in her effort to write a strong one. A friend who's open to learning about the key content, structure, and techniques that go into making a rec letter stand out will likely provide a more valuable reference than one who just wants to wing it! In addition to gathering information about yourself, your college of choice, and peer recommendation letters, what else can you prepare to ask your friend for this favor? This is serious preparation (or a bad case of freshman backpack). How Should You Ask for a Peer Recommendation? Assuming you're taking my first piece of advice and asking someone with whom you're close and who knows you well, then hopefully it's easy to request this favor. In the asking, I would recommend describing exactly what it entails and all the key information. For instance, you should talk to your friend about the school you're applying to, whether it be Davidson or Dartmouth, so she knows about its profile and expectations. You should share your application with her, so that her recommendation can complement it or add a new dimension. If you've spoken in length about your commitment to volunteer work in your community, for example, then your friend could zoom in on your caring, compassionate, open nature and skill at connecting with people from all walks of life. Remind your friend that the recommendation is meant to reveal your personal qualities and indicate what kind of peer you'll be on campus. Your friend should indicate how they know you, in what contexts, and what makes them qualified to recommend you. For instance, this example shows that the recommender and recommendee have been friends for a long time, as well as gives an example to demonstrate Susie's adventurous spirit: Susie and I have been attending Happy Pine Tree Summer Camp since we were ten, first as campers and now as counselors. I knew from the first summer, when Susie eagerly volunteered to be the first to zipline over the valley, that she had a fearless, adventurous, and bold spirit. It's that spirit that drew me to her on that first day of camp and that continues to inspire me and everyone around Susie to live life to the fullest. This letter could focus on Susie's fearless nature and her leadership and motivational skills. It could also discuss her goals for the future and how these qualities will ensure that she achieves them. In addition to describing your relationship, highlighting a few specific strengths, and telling specific stories, your recommender should also know the value of using powerful language. Words like compassionate, brilliant, and energetic are usually more impactful than nice, smart, and fun. To make sure your friend knows the importance and purpose of rec letters, you could discuss these tips with her, as well as give them guides like this one. Teaching her about rec letters will both make your final letter stronger and help her approach it from a knowledgable and purposeful standpoint. Reference letters are typically confidential, so it's up to your peer whether she wants to share it and get your feedback. Even if she chooses to keep it private, you can help shape what goes into it by sharing all this input. Finally, I would encourage your friend to be creative and write in the style that's most authentic for her. Peer evaluations don't have to be formal- they can be funny or heartfelt, conversational or serious. The most important thing is that they clearly and convincingly present your outstanding qualities and show that you have a friend eager to go to bat for you. Your friend can choose how she can best communicate exactly what makes you so awesome. Since the rec letter takes time and thought, I would recommend asking your friend at least a month before your deadline. You can remind her again about a week before your deadline. Finally, make sure to thank her afterwards with hugs, cupcakes, or whatever token of appreciation she'd like best. To sum up, let's go over the key steps that got you to this point of gratitude cupcakes. Key Takeaways for Peer Letters of Rec Ask someone who knows you well, has strong writing skills, and 100% supports you and your college plans. Give your recommender plenty of time before your deadline, and educate him or her on the college, your goals, and what makes a great rec letter, like meaningful stories and examples. You may also share the rest of your application so your peer can complement it in the letter. Check in with him/her to see about any questions or if (s)he wants to brainstorm ideas. Finally, make sure your peer knows exactly how and when to submit your recommendation. A mediocre peer recommendation probably won't sink your application, but a stellar one could go a long way towards making you come alive for admissions committees as a student they want on their campus come fall. Especially at a highly selective Ivy League school like Dartmouth, every aspect of your application counts. So if you do ultimately get the thick acceptance letter welcoming you to the class, make sure to celebrate with your recommender and let him/her know s(he)'s your BFF for life. What's Next? Maybe you're not the applicant, but the writer of a peer letter of recommendation (or both! Stranger things have happened...). Read all about how to write an outstanding peer recommendation here. Are you interested in this topic because you're hoping to don Dartmouth green in a few years? This article goes in depth about how to get a great peer recommendation specifically for Dartmouth College. If the Ivy League is in your sights, you might also be seeing crimson (bear with me). Learn what makes an impressive recommendation letter for Harvard here. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Grasmicks Low Self-Control Scale Essays

Grasmicks Low Self-Control Scale Essays Grasmicks Low Self-Control Scale Essay Grasmicks Low Self-Control Scale Essay According to the University of Oklahoma website, Dr. Grasmick has been publishing articles since 1974 and is still continuing his research on his theories on criminal deviance and its deterrents. The website indicates that â€Å"he is credited with creating the â€Å"Grasmick’s Low Self-Control Scale†, which is used to measure self-control in criminal deviants † Grasmicks scale is being employed in most studies and dissertations under the subject of Criminal Justice. John McMullen wrote a dissertation on the topic which is entitled â€Å"A Test of Self-control Theory Using General Patterns of Deviance. † He employed Grasmicks Low Self-Control Scale in his survey instruments to derive his results for the study. The scale measures six separate aspects of self control. The scale consists of 24 total items, divided evenly into â€Å"simple tasks, impulsivity, physical activities, risk seeking, self- centered, and temper sub-components. Respondents were asked to report whether they â€Å"strongly agree,† â€Å"agree,† â€Å"disagree,† or â€Å"strongly disagree† to each individual item. He described the concept of self- control in reference to Gottfredson and Hirschis General Theory of Crime, by stating that â€Å"Individuals who possess the low self-control trait are more likely to become involved in criminal, deviant, and accidental behaviors than those who possess high levels of self-control † (McMullen, 1999, p. 6). In terms of reliability, McMullen mentions that on the basis of empirical support and extensive testing, the scale was very suitable for use in his sample age group. : He also comments that: â€Å"the most convincing argument for using this scale comes from Piquero and Rosay (1998:170), who concluded that, â€Å"it appears the scale can be an acceptable scale in terms of tapping into the components alluded to by Gottfredson and Hirschi† (McMullen, 1999, p. 35). References McMullen, J. C. (1999). A Test of Self-control Theory Using General Patterns of Deviance. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University .

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Overuse of antibiotics and the developement of resistant bacterial Research Paper

Overuse of antibiotics and the developement of resistant bacterial strains - Research Paper Example It seems that boundaries and distances have been shattered through these advancements in communications technology. Wars can even be fought in the same way that video games are played with the advent of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) technology. Likewise, non-invasive and minimal invasive surgeries have also been made available wherein tumors are blasted with lasers or proton beams in order for them to be removed. Aside from doing away with open surgery, it also provides a more accurate targeting of the mass or tumor that needs to be removed (Massachusetts General Hospital 2010). Thus, there is less danger on the patient and recovery is of course faster as there is no major wound that needs to be healed. Patients can do away with stitches and the scars that accompany such a procedure. Indeed, Charles Darwin would have lauded the capability of the human species to survive and adapt. However, it is not only humans that can exhibit supremacy in survival and adaptation. Overuse of Antibio tics and the Development of Bacterial Strains Through these various improvements by the human race which have included leaps and bounds in medicine, it seems like the most minute organisms have been able to stay a step ahead or move clear of possible elimination from the food chain. Beyond the increased medical capabilities and modern healthcare management systems, viral and bacterial infections continue to be among the top downers of the human race. In fact, there has been no cure for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus or HIV which eventually morphs into the killer Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome or AIDS. Despite the technological advances from the last decade, a cure for this dreaded disease that comes from the late century has yet to be found, cultured or developed (Mamo et al 269). AIDS walked out of the closet in the early 80’s and by 1983, it was identified that the cause of the disease was HIV. It did not take long for the killer to become known globally and this has effectively grown into pandemic proportions infecting over 60 million people worldwide. Despite the time and money devoted to researches, a cure for this infection continues to elude medical scientists hence, posing a hanging threat to the populace. Currently though, the possibility of a cure through nanotechnology is being explored though a prospect for an effective cure seem to remain beyond the horizon. Well, for now, that may be too much to ask but the common cold also has no cure. This has been around for very long though, even before these technological advantages have ever been imagined by man. Likewise, bacterial strains have also been busy on the evolution department making many antibiotics obsolete and useless. This poses a serious threat since these microbes multiply swiftly and some have a respectable kill rate. New strains are evolving into super bugs that may eventually render even the most potent antibiotics useless. Taking a big chunk of the attention of medical scie ntists is the Acinetobacter baumannii. This bacterial strain has been found to have been capable of effectively guarding itself against even the most potent antibiotic (Peleg et al 538). This may pose another threat as the bacterial strain seems to fancy weak patients in the ICU (Intensive Care Unit). Thus, medical practitioners are trying to combat these bacteria which caused pneumonia can easily kill the weak ICU patients. A group of pharmacists tried treating

Friday, October 18, 2019

The Effects of Diabetes on Aging Adults Research Paper

The Effects of Diabetes on Aging Adults - Research Paper Example This paper gives an understanding of diabetes in older adults and the needs for nutrition, exercise and care. The Effect of Diabetes on the Aging Adult As adults age, there are many factors that they must take into consideration to make sure that they age gracefully. Many adults find that as they age, they are met with issues that they may not have had when they were younger. As an example, adults who are not active will sometimes run the risk of arthritis and other bone or joint ailments. Their doctor may tell them that they must continue to do exercise because it will help some types of arthritis. Adults can also find that they gain weight easier or that weight is more difficult to take off as they grow older. These are natural aspects of aging, but they do not have to be long lasting. In looking at the area of nutrition and aging, this researcher has chosen to study the idea of diabetes in the aging population. Defining Diabetes Type 2 diabetes also known as adult onset diabetes, is a chronic condition and it affects the way that the body processes sugar or glucose, which is the body's main source fuel (Mayo Clinic, 2011). Basically, this means that a person's body has a resistance to the hormone insulin that is responsible for moving glucose through the body. Some people do not produce enough insulin to maintain a glucose level within normal ranges. Both of these conditions are a product of Type 2 diabetes. Although there is no cure for the disease, there are many ways that an individual can manage it. There are many symptoms that people may ignore because they may not create a problem for them. These symptoms include: 1. Increased thirst and/or frequent urination -- this happens when sugar builds up in the bloodstream. Fluid is taken from the tissues to compensate and this can result in the individual becoming very thirsty. 2. Increased hunger -- the muscles and organs lose energy when they do not have enough insulin and this increases hunger. 3. Lose of w eight -- many people lose weight because the body does not use glucose properly. The body will use any fuel it can get which means it will look to what is stored in the muscles and fat. 4. Fatigue -- people with Type 2 diabetes often report that they are tired and irritable. 5. Blurred vision -- this is an indication that the sugar in the body is too high. When this happens, fluid is taken from the eyes so the vision is blurred. 6. Slow healing sores or frequent infections -- if this occurs it is best to talk to a doctor because it is a symptom that happens in people who have diabetes. 7. Areas of darkened skin -- people with Type 2 diabetes may find darkened areas in their armpits or around their neck. This could be a sign that the individual is resistant to insulin (Mayo Clinic). An individual is more likely to develop diabetes as they age if they fit into several categories: 1. They are over 45 years of age. 2. They have high blood pressure. 3. They are obese. 4. They have a fami ly history of diabetes and are African American, Hispanic/Latino, American Indian, Alaska Native, Asian American or Pacific Islander. 5. Have blood vessel problems that affect their legs, heart or brain. 6. Have abnormal cholesterol (lipid) levels. (National Diabetes Education Program). Demographics of Older Adults with Diabetes When an adult is experiencing any of these symptoms, it is important for them to go to a doctor to find out whether they have diabetes. According to

Tenant vs Landlord Case Paper Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Tenant vs Landlord Case Paper Review - Essay Example lure to comply fully with all applicable environmental laws, or by reason asserted or actually falling to comply with the provision of the above paragraph. In line to the landlords earlier view, tenant may dispose, handle, use or store those products that contain little quantities of hazardous materials to the extent necessary and for premises use as a general office provided he shall handle, dispose, store, and use them in a lawful and safe manner and does not allow them to contaminate the building, premises, land or the environment. The definition of a hazardous materials clause comes about. This is because the law places the responsibility of hazardous materials on the owner of the property where it was created, disposed, used, spilled and any other involvement with the material that regards the environment. The landlord should consider what kind of business the tenant is engaging in and the past records in regarding hazardous materials. It would be unfair on the side of the tenant because, even if a lease may be industrial or retail, the tenant has to use general office purpose, and will force him to use some equipment that are regarded by the law as hazardous. The tenant can bring things that are hazardous but use them without causing harm to the environment. Restricting him not to bring them is absurd. The landlord’s clause is, therefore, unjust to the tenant. The tenant clause is, therefore, good because it considers that the equipments a business or a resident is dealing with may not be totally free of any hazardous materials. It includes that the tenant shall handle, dispose, store, and use them in a lawful, and safe manner, and does not allow them to contaminate the building, premises, land or the environment. Again the landlord’s clause is limiting the business of the tenant to grow, evolve and transfer from one tenant to another. Being involved in dealing with one thing may lead to the need of complementary goods or services which may be limited

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Modernity and theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Modernity and theory - Essay Example More specifically, the modern era is generally considered to have begun sometime between 1870 and 1970. Some further limit modernity to the 1910-1960 period, after which the post-modern era is said to have started. Modernity started as a prevailing popular social attitude in Western Europe during about the seventeenth century (which subsequently developed a world-wide influence). Modernity is characterized by changes in the economy-the advent of industrialism and capitalism, with social class as the main form of social division. Modernity is characterized also by urbanization, or the rapid birth and growth of cities. Modernity also means changes in government-the government is now centralized and, in effect, more powerful (although modernity also means generally more power to the individual).In modernity there is also a rise in general knowledge-society becomes more rational and scientific, and the dependence on religion and superstition is less. According to Peter Berger, among the characteristics of modernity are the disintegration of traditional communities, the broadening of individual freedom and choice, the diversification of beliefs, and the future-oriented or progress-centric attitude of society in general.

Ip3 team and leadership Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ip3 team and leadership - Research Paper Example The first level of the pyramid model is the physiological needs of every human: food, water, warmth and sex. The second consists of such safety needs as security, order and stability. Then comes the need in affiliation that is love and belonging. The fourth level represents need for esteem or the need in recognition, prestige and power. The fifth level is the self- actualization and the last one is the self- transcendence, which is experience. In order to perform work well, employees need healthy air, water and adequate time to rest. These needs are the main motivators of the first level of Maslows pyramid. The employees should aware of the level of risk they have in the working environment to feel them comfortable enough for their proper work performance. The main motivator for the employees at the level of affiliation is the opportunity to be a part of a team, in which its members share skills, knowledge and unique experiences. The esteem needs are the external motivators for employees and they are the prizes and awards, while the internal motivators are the private goals that employees set for themselves. Once the main needs are achieved, people are able to reach their true potential, real meaning, wisdom and justice. Â   Within the organization, newly employees await for a security, order and stability from their job. In a certain time, they are trying to seek their role inside the team and thus need active support from their colleagues and leaders. This will not only give new employees feel themselves comfortable, but also will ensure an opportunity to enter the next level of Maslows model. There, the employees do their best to obtain recognition that will motivate them for the further

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Modernity and theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Modernity and theory - Essay Example More specifically, the modern era is generally considered to have begun sometime between 1870 and 1970. Some further limit modernity to the 1910-1960 period, after which the post-modern era is said to have started. Modernity started as a prevailing popular social attitude in Western Europe during about the seventeenth century (which subsequently developed a world-wide influence). Modernity is characterized by changes in the economy-the advent of industrialism and capitalism, with social class as the main form of social division. Modernity is characterized also by urbanization, or the rapid birth and growth of cities. Modernity also means changes in government-the government is now centralized and, in effect, more powerful (although modernity also means generally more power to the individual).In modernity there is also a rise in general knowledge-society becomes more rational and scientific, and the dependence on religion and superstition is less. According to Peter Berger, among the characteristics of modernity are the disintegration of traditional communities, the broadening of individual freedom and choice, the diversification of beliefs, and the future-oriented or progress-centric attitude of society in general.

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

The Audit of the Multinational Listed Company ABC Ltd Essay - 1

The Audit of the Multinational Listed Company ABC Ltd - Essay Example Abnormal items representing the loss on sale of investments $ 17,050. Details of investments and sale are required to check against the market value that prevailed at the time of sale and reason why they had to be sold at loss should be ascertained. There has been an increase of $ 77,318 in property, plant, and equipment and $ 76,737 in brand names and a decrease of $ 13,595 in investments. The increase in the value of property, plant, and equipment needs to be physically verified with reference to the relative purchase invoices and a comparison with market rates conducted. The increase in brand names also needs to be physically checked with new brand names acquired or it should be ascertained whether increase has been due to the revaluation of the brand names. Policy regarding treatment of brand names in the balance sheet has been separately dealt with. As regards decrease in investments, it should be investigated, the reason for there being no correlation with the loss reported and the decrease. Whether the values reported in the balance sheet represent a cost of acquisition or market value has also to be ascertained. The increase in creditors and borrowings represents an amount of $ 186,041. This is to be ensured against any possible inclusion of proforma purchase invoices without corresponding entry in the value of inventories. Policy regarding payment based on proforma invoices without receiving stocks has also been separately dealt with. The net increase of $ 44,240 in total non-current liabilities should be analyzed. While there is the increase in creditors and borrowings, provisions have reduced. Whether there is under a provision of liabilities to avoid the possible reduction in profits or liabilities have been terminated requiring no further provisions, need to be ascertained.

Lord Byron’s Don Juan Essay Example for Free

Lord Byron’s Don Juan Essay Lord Byron’s Don Juan is a satirical poem that offers a seemingly comical and serious outlook of sexuality. In three different sexual relations in three different places, the events that surround Don Juan are both laughable and questionable. From an early affair with Donna Julia, to an innocently, beautiful engagement with Haidee and finally an unfulfilled and avoided relation with the Sultana Gulbeyaz, Don Juan escapes through the clutches of love with shattered innocence, a broken heart and near fatal eroticism. â€Å"As Byron’s satiric genius developed, it tended to employ less and less of the traditional axe-swinging of the neoclassic satirists and to approach more and more the mocking and ironic manner of the Italian burlesque poetsFinally, when his satiric genius had fully ripened, Byron found complete expression in serious and social satire† (Trueblood, 19). From an early age, Don Juan was destined to wander through a maze of sexuality. One can see this unfolding by merely looking at his parent’s marriage. Let us first look at Don Juan’s parents, Don Jose and Donna Inez. Byron presents the couple ironically and comically. Donna Inez, â€Å"morality’s prim personification perfect past all parallel† (Byron, I, 16-17), still is not good enough for Don Jose. A man with a greater concern for women than knowledge, Don Jose is not a particularly admirable father figure. He lacks respect for his wife, and â€Å"like a lineal son of Eve, /Went plucking various fruits without her leave† (Byron, I, 18). This allusion to Don Jose being a son of Eve is somewhat accurate and satirical. Like Eve, he is careless and unaware of the consequences of his actions. However, as Eve’s son, the offspring of God’s beautiful creation, Don Jose is given holy qualities. He cannot be blamed for his actions, and for a long time, Donna Inez blinds herself from his wrongdoings and maintains their marital status. Their relationship is practically pointless; a mother and father that wished each other dead, not divorced. The unification of Don Jose and Donna Inez is a comical union. â€Å"What men call gallantry, and gods adultery, / Is much more common where the climate’s sultry† (Byron, I, 63). The two reach a point where they canno t stand each other, yet for some reason, they stay together. At the same time, marital disputes and infidelity make for no laughing matter. They were, and continue to be, problems for couples all around the world. Byron depicts Don Jose and Donna Inez at each other’s throats, but still sleeping side by side. To further solidify ironic humour, when their divorce inevitably approaches, Don Jose falls ill and dies. His death right before getting divorced symbolizes the death of marriage. Byron might be poking fun at the fact that more and more marriages end in divorce, and that the fire shared by ‘soul mates’ typically burns out. Despite being an unfaithful and uncaring father, the narrator paradoxically calls Don Jose an honourable man. The death of the father creates increased duties for the mother. Donna Inez decides to enlighten Don Juan with the teachings of art and sciences, but in doing so, neglects teaching him the basic facts of life. Someone uniformed about basic life necessities is at risk of not knowing how to act and react to certain situations. Though Don Juan does not attempt to manipulate those around him, his lack of direction leads him to being a victim of a harsh, unforgiving world. â€Å"Ladies even of the most uneasy virtue / Prefer a spouse whose age is short of thirty† (Byron, I, 61). This is a bold statement from the narrator, but it is certainly the case for Donna Julia, Donna Inez’s friend. She falls for the young and handsome Don Juan when he turns sixteen, though her affection started before then. Donna Julia is seven years older than Don Juan. Her love for the young lad is both comic and paedophilic. Donna Julia unsuccessfully resists temptation, and eventually takes Juan’s innocence and sends him along a path of sexual confusion. As the narrator states: â€Å"Even innocence itself has many a wile / And will not dare to trust itself with truth, / And love is taught hypocrisy from youth† (Byron, I, 72). Her inability to resist Don Juan is satirical for he is sexually inexperienced. Being sexually unsatisfied, one would think Donna Julia would pursue a lover with sexual experience. Her longing for such a young man is bizarre a nd questionable. â€Å"Byron seems to the think temptation integral to creation, and fall the inevitable consequence of temptation† (Ridenour, 29). For Don Juan, an impending relationship with Donna Julia is most appealing, but in turn, it is the start of spiralling, sexual journey. â€Å"Oh pleasure, you’re indeed a pleasant thing, / Although one must be damned for you no doubt† (Byron, I, 119). Unfortunate consequences of plentiful pleasure tend to follow Don Juan around. His romance with Donna Julia is of short lived passion. One November night, Don Alfonso’s suspicions reach a new height and he confronts Donna Julia in her suite. The season is significant; November represents the conclusion of fall and an approaching winter. The trees lose their leaves, plants and shrubs dwindle and the days get shorter and colder. These events can be compared to Don Juan and Donna Julia’s relationship, as its fire is extinguished by an upset Don Alfonso. â€Å"Man is chained to cold earth and is able to alleviate his sufferings only by his own efforts – by love and glory and, as we learn in the second sta nza, by poetry. This very poem is presented as an attempt to give color, form, warmth to a world naturally colorless, indefinite and chill† (Ridenour, 33). This thought can also be applied to Donna Julia, who was brightening her world with the young Don Juan. Though she promised Don Alfonso to never disgrace the ring she wore, she falls victim to the fact that â€Å"pleasure’s a sin and sometimes sin’s a pleasure† (Byron, I, 133). Donna Julia acts like a double-edged sword when confronted by Don Alfonso. She gets upsets by his unfaithful accusations, while the whole time, Don Juan is hidden beneath a pile of clothes. â€Å"Satire was Byron’s natural and habitual response to censure and injury† (Trueblood, 20). In the end, Donna Julia is left emotionally hurt and displaced, while Don Juan barely escapes from a physical punishment. Don Alfonso is left betrayed, deceived and not knowing where to turn. The first canto ends with the same disheartened feeling: â€Å"All things that have been born were born to die, / And flesh (which Death mows down to hay) is grass† (Byron, I, 220). The allusion of De ath mowing the grass of life is comic and serious. Humans age from year to year and their health eventually deteriorates. The same can be said of Don Juan’s sexual relations. â€Å"In Don Juan, Byron uses almost every possible variation of epic tone, from the frivolous to the almost entirely serious† (Clancy, 63). The tone takes a turn for the worse when Juan is involved in a shipwreck. He manages to get aboard a longboat and escape the capsizing ship. Juan’s luck only lasts so long for his tutor, who boards the longboat only to be eaten several days later. Just when Juan appears on the brink of death, he floats to safety clutching an oar. The oar can be seen as an obvious phallic symbol, and in turn, it leads Juan to his first true love, Haidee. â€Å"Amidst the barren sand and rocks so rude / She and her wave-worn love had made their bower† (Byron, II, 198). The setting of their relationship is perfect, for it is both beautiful and dangerous. â€Å"As Byron is careful to point out, it is here, on a coast whose perils have been repeatedly emphasized, that the peculiarly harmonious and ideal love of Juan and Haidee is consummatedâ₠¬  (Ridenour, 44). The love of Juan and Haidee has a quality of magnificence which Don Juan and Donna Julia lacked. The two are portrayed as soul mates that happened upon each other. They were brought together in a stroke of luck and when their union is denied â€Å"the power of love sours to lust, sex hatred and leering prudishness. What is true love is equally true of the other passionsThe attempt to contain the passions and stop the flow of life always defeats itself in some manner. This is the particular form which the standard satiric plot takes in Don Juan† (Kernan, 93). Though Haidee and Juan were meant for each other, Lambro interferes and puts an end to their relationship. He ruins the purity of love, which had ironically been washed up on a beach. Lambro puts Juan into slavery, and furthermore, causes his daughter’s coma and eventual death. Had he accepted the unification of Juan and Haidee, life in general would have been happier, gayer. Violence and disorder lurk behind tranquility and harmony, and the tranquil and harmonious are fated inevitably to dissolve again in the violent and chaotic. This is an immutable law of Byron’s world. Haidee was, â€Å"Nature’s bride† (Byron, II, 202), and the love she shared with Juan is contrasted in its naturalness with the unnatural situation of woman in society. Their union is almost an act of natural religion. (Ridenour). Mary Grant places Don Juan â€Å"among the different kinds of humor, the mild and pervasive type of Socratic irony, subtle in its half-laughter and half-earnestness, harmonized best with the ease of affability of the sermo, its change of tone from grave to gay, its arts in the absence of art† (Ridenour,10). Don Juan is brought to a slave market in Constantinople and bought by a eunuch for the Sultana, Gulbeyaz. The eunuch, Baba, can be seen as a sinister and dangerous character. â€Å"The technique of associating the subject to be ridiculed with sexual impotence is, of course, a traditional one; but the connection between impotence and lust for power exists on a much deeper level than that of mere invective† (Ridenour, 12). Baba’s sexual life has been obliterated, and his condition foreshadows a drastic change to Don Juan. This is fulfilled when he is brought to the palace and immediately dressed in woman’s clothing. Juan’s gender rearrangement is ironic, and turns bizarre when Gulbeyaz demands him to make love to her. As he is still in mourning for losing Haidee, Juan refuses and bursts into tears. â€Å"In the accounts of his [Juan’s] relations with women, he is not made to appear heroic or even dignified; and these impress us as having an ingredien t of the genuine as well as of the make-believe† (Eliot, 97). His actions at first infuriate the Sultana, then she feels compassion, and eventually she cries. Juan is displaced from a man to a weeping woman, while Gulbeyaz turns from a demanding woman to an apathetic female. Communication between the two is short lived as the sultan approaches the castle. Upon seeing Juan, the sultan states: â€Å"I see you’ve bought another girl; ‘tis pity / That a mere Christian should be half so pretty† (Byron, V, 155). The sultan, who has four wives and undoubtedly several mistresses, comes off as a fool for not noticing that Juan is a male. We can laugh at his blindness, but at the same time, one can only wonder what else he does not see. In Canto I we have the amusing account of the genealogy of Don Juan. Then there is a description of the first of Juan’s amours, the Julia episode. Canto II continues Juan’s adventures, including his shipwreck and subsequent love affair with Haidee. In Cantos III and IV the passionate roma nce of Haidee and Juan comes to its tragic end and Juan is soon embroiled in the ludicrous seraglio escapade which occupies the whole of Canto V and is concluded in Canto VI (Trueblood, 5). Through these episodes, Byron uses satire to portray sexuality in a comical and serious manner. â€Å"The poem is a satire on the romantic cult of passion and on the natural man whose passions are his only guide from his proper woes† (Clancy, 53). Don Juan is sent on a rollercoaster of sexuality: paedophilic love, true love ending in a broken heart and then a confusing, uncertain relation. Through hardships and endeavours, Don Juan comes out a stronger man. From the first six cantos, one can conclude that â€Å"love, which should be a means of overcoming self, of living in and for another person, is itself egotistic. The remedy merely aggravates the disorder. It is the same paradox which, in other terms, we have met so often before† (Ridenour, 75). The comedic yet serious portrayal of sexuality makes Don Juan one of the greatest satires even written.

Monday, October 14, 2019

Temporal Variation in Water Column Structure in Estuary

Temporal Variation in Water Column Structure in Estuary Panourgias Siderakos Temporal variation in water column structure, transmissometry, and fluorometry in a macrotidal estuary Abstract The temporal variation in water column structure, transmissometry and fluorometry was observed and monitored on the 10th of November 2016 in Southampton Water, over a half tidal cycle (approximately from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m.). That specific day a neap tide behaviour occurred. Variable measurements were performed on the Callista vessel and also with the CTD device. Additionally, nutrient and zooplankton measurements took place in order to acquire more data. The chlorophyll concentrations that were measured showed low values with an average value of 0.7 to 0.8 ÃŽÂ ¼g/l. The maximum values were observed during the transition from the high-tide time to the low-tide time (almost 1.1 ÃŽÂ ¼g/l). Temperature, light and salinity measurements performed a small change during the day, in relation to depth. The data that were collected and processed imply that the main factor that influences the temporal variation in water column structure is the tidal cycle of the specific area concerned. This cycle, and its currents, is responsible for the general behaviour of the water column (how much stratified or mixed is).          1. Introduction Estuaries are very diverse systems. This is due to the existence of very shallow waters, which in relation to other various factors, can potentially affect the temporal variation in water column structure, transmissometry and fluorometry. Perhaps, the most essential factor that must be taken into consideration in Southampton estuarine environment, on a daily basis, is the Spring Neap tidal cycle. Southampton Water forms the north-westerly extension of the Solent System on the south coast of England, and forms the estuary of three chalk-derived rivers: Test, Itchen and Hamble. The area has an unusual tidal pattern, where the interaction of the M4 and M6 tidal constituents (usually during a Spring tide) creates a double high water. This high water stand can last up to 3h, reducing the time for the ebb phase. This tidal asymmetry leads to 6h of moderate flood currents and 4h of rapid ebb velocities (1.5 m/sec). The flood phase has also a slack period (young flood stand), where the tidal currents become temporarily weaker. The foregoing factors generate stronger mixing during the ebb phase showing also an increase from a Neap to a Spring tide (Lauria et al., 1999). The present survey aims to identify and clarify at the same time the patterns influencing physical and biological parameters and the processes linking these patterns in a macrotidal estuary, more specifically the Southampton Water estuary. Furthermore, these patterns must also be examined if they differ, during other tidal states and at different times of year. 2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Survey area The survey area was Southampton Water. A shallow, partially mixed coastal plain estuary. It is located on the south coast of England. Its length is 10 km and has a width of 2 km with a dredged central shipping channel of 15m below mean tide. It is essentially marine in character, with little variation in salinity number (~30) in the mouth. Stratification occurs mostly at the head of the estuary. Water temperature within Southampton Water varies according to the season, with minimum winter temperatures below 7 ° C and maximum summer temperature above 17 ° C. (Williams et al., 2006) 2.2. Materials and Methods Sampling took place over an approximate 7 hour time period on the 10th of November 2016. The area was in a small radius of 0.5 nautical miles from the position 50 ° 52.259 ´ N and 001 ° 22.348 ´ E (data-buoy coordinates). During the day, a neap tide was occurring. The tide cycle involved two high-tides and one low-tide. First high tide took place at 07:57 local time (4.17 m) and the second one at 20:07 local time (4.08m). The low tide between them was at 12:37 (1.85m) (Southampton Tide Times internet site). Samples were collected using the research vessel Callista of the National Oceanographic Centre. The winds had a Northeast direction and varied from 10 to 20 knots speed. However, the sea state was around 3 (~0.5 m wave height) and the cloud coverage varied from 3 to 6 octal. The survey plan that had to be followed was a continuous measurement (every half hour) from approximately 09:00 to 16:00 (local time), averaged in every meter of depth for later processing. Vertical profiles of conductivity (salinity), temperature, density, transmissometry and fluorescence were obtained using a CTD. On the CTD, a transmissometer and a fluorometer were mounted, along with the Niskin bottles for water sampling. Although there is not going to be an analytical description of their abilities and their ranges of measurement, a list of the devices that were used both on Callista and on the CTD is shown below: CTD SeaBird SBE 19+V2 RDI Workhorse Mariner 600kHz ADCP Biospherical Instruments Inc. QCP2300 Irradiance Sensor C-Star 25cm Transmissometer FL-NTU(RT) Fluorometer The Aanderaa SOOGUARD system Enviro-T In-Line Fluorometer Oxygen Optode 4330/4330F Conductivity Sensor 4319 Temperature Sensor 4060 Samples of water were collected with the Niskin bottles at two depths every one hour. The first one at 1m below sea surface and the second one around 2m above sea bed. These samples were obtained for further chlorophyll, phosphate and silica analysis. Chlorophyll-a was measured with the method of acetone extraction. Silica and phosphate concentrations were measured in the chemistry lab at the National Oceanographic Center, from the samples that were collected by the groups on the RIB. Current speed and direction could not be measured because the sensor was out of order. Zooplankton measurements were made and samples were also collected. The first occurred at the beginning of the boat trip (from 09:37 to 09:43 local time) and the second one at the end of it (from 15:45 to 15:50 local time). Special zooplankton nets were used and the samples were kept in special chemical liquid (formaldehyde) for preserving, until it was processed. Essential data were also collected from the Xylem Analytics UK EMM700 Data Buoy in Southampton Water. The buoys coordinates are 50 ° 52.259 ´ N and 001 ° 22.348 ´ E and the data involved air temperature, water temperature, wind direction, wind speed, PH, Chlorophyll, O‚‚ etc. The collected data concerned the time periods between February 2016 to October 2016 and also the week from 7th to 11th of November 2016 (Boat Week). 3. Results 3.1. Tide In the morning, when the sampling begun, the tide height was decreasing until 12:37 (local time) to the height of 1.85m (ebb phase). After that, the tide height increased again until the end of the survey (flood phase) and headed to its second high tide for the day at 4.08m (20:07 local time). Despite the fact that there were no data obtained for the tide currents speed and their direction because of the non-functioning sensor, taking into consideration the Nautical Charts from the British Hydrographic Service for the specific area, we observe that tide currents have different directions during the day (tide cycle) and their velocity varies from 0.5 to 2 m/sec, approximately. In figure 1, the half-tide cycle of the day is demonstrated and also the Potential Energy Anomaly, derived from the different densities and energies at each depth, showing a value of average stratification for each station. 3.2. Temperature-Salinity The water column demonstrated a temperature variation between +11.1 and +11.5  °C (fig. 2(a)). In the meantime, salinity values were measured between 33.0 and 34.0 units (fig. 2(b)). Temperature decreased with depth while salinity increased. The small range variation of the vertical temperature and salinity profiles, imply that the water column was partially mixed throughout the whole sampling time period. A small water mass with high salinity is observed at the depth of 6.5 m at 13:00 (local time) which is obviously a more saline, sea-water mass below the fresher river-water masses. The temperature distribution seems more homogeneous with depth. The two figures show a relative resemblance, as more saline water goes deeper. As a result, during the day hours, when the sun light still exists, the deeper we go in the water column, the colder it gets. 3.3. Chlorophyll fluorescence Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements were very low during the survey, demonstrating values between 0.55 and 1.15 approximately (fig. 3 (a)). A water mass of higher chlorophyll fluorescence was observed near the water surface around 13:30 (local time). However, chlorophyll did not demonstrate any essential changes, being almost homogeneous in relation to depth, which implies a well-mixed water column as well. 3.4. Light Transmission Light transmission measurements also showed a very well mixed water column. The measured values had a small range and demonstrated from 2.7 % to 3.15% maximum (fig. 3 (b)). In this figure, the vertical profile of the percentage of light that is transmitted is shown. The light transmission plot also agrees with the chlorophyll fluorescence plot. A small area of 2 meters depth (from 5 to 7 meters depth) was observed between 10:00 and 11:00 with the highest values of transmission (3,15%), but this was, possibly, a random phenomenon. 4. Discussion 4.1. Temperature and Salinity According to the measurements that were made and the width of change, no significant pattern of temperature change was observed in relation to depth. Southampton Water temperatures vary from a winter minimum of 17 ° C (June-August) (Muxagata et al., 2004). Temperature homogeneity in relation to depth signifies that temperature is not playing any essential role in the estuary dynamics, nor the estuary water stratification. General speaking, temperature indeed enhances the growth of phytoplankton while in most temperate marine systems seasonal thermal stratification is the main factor that triggers the start of spring bloom. In the marine environment of Southampton, it seems that temperature is not the most important factor. (Iriarte et al., 2004). Salinity did not play any significant role either. The range of values that were measured was really small. However, the contour of salinity in relation to depth implies a more stratified water column than that of the temperature. As a result, salinity is more important than temperature in affecting the estuarine stratification. 4.2. Chlorophyll Chlorophyll concentrations did not demonstrate a big change either. The general measured values were very small (~0.5 to 1.1 ÃŽÂ ¼g/l), which phenomenon agrees with the general rate of chlorophyll growth in Southampton Water during autumn. This fact can also be observed in figure (4), where the buoy data from February 2016 to October 2016 are shown. It can be clearly stated that the largest chlorophyll growth occurs in August, simply related to temperature and weather conditions (low winds-low seas states). However, chlorophyll blooms which happen in spring and summer, coincide with the period of relatively low Spring tide, followed by a Neap tide. The higher degree of stability in the water column allows growth to occur without the greater flushing that is experienced at Spring tide. The reestablishment of high Spring tides caused chlorophyll levels to fall as the estuary was flushed (Wright et al., 1997). Moreover, phytoplankton populations can show changes from seasonal and inter-annual variations, but more extended variations occur during periods of low mixing on Neap tides (Lauria et al., 1999). The tide cycle in Spring and Neap tides is probably one of the most important factors in the phytoplankton growth. As long as the pattern in Southampton Water is concerned, the seasonal distribution of chlorophyll-a showed low winter values followed by a spring peak during the last week of April and intermediate concentrations during summer, dropping to pre-spring bloom levels by October (Purdie et al., 2004). 4.3. Light The measurements with the Secchi disk and the transmissometer in the water implied the fact. That light did not play a key-role in the general growth of phytoplankton in the Southampton Water. Furthermore, figure 5 shows the turbidity (%) of the water during the day. Although the changes are very small, it can be observed that after 12:00 (local time), when the ebb phase of the tide cycle approaches and the mean water depth decreases, the values slightly increase. This also draws a conclusion that the light influence on the water column is mainly affected by the tidal cycle. 4.4 Nutrients-Zooplankton Although not shown in figures in this report, nutrient concentrations in the Southampton Water were mainly affected by the tidal cycle. All the measurements that were made during this survey supported the fact mentioned above. Silica and phosphate measurements showed that their behaviors were affected mainly by the tide cycle. In addition, special measurements also revealed that during the ebb phase, zooplankton was moved, probably with the water masses that the tide currents moved. This fact also resulted in a significant decrease in zooplankton numbers. The most abundant species were copepods (while all the other species had an almost null value), whose numbers indicated a decrease of around 30% after the ebb phase (zooplankton measurement No 2). Words: 2156 References Iriarte, A., Purdie, D.A., 2004. Factors controlling the timing of major spring bloom events in an UK south coast estuary. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 61, 679-690. Lauria, M.L., Purdie, D.A., 1999. Contrasting phytoplankton distributions controlled by tidal turbulence in an estuary. Journal of Marine Systems 21, 189-197. Williams, J.A., Muxagata, E., 2006. The seasonal abundance and production of Oithona nana (Copepoda: Cyclopoida) in Southampton Water. Journal of Plankton Research 28, 1055-1065. Wright, P.N., Hydes, D.J., Waddington, I., Rawlinson, M., 1997. Real time chlorophyll and nutrient data from a new marine data buoy in Southampton Water, UK. Electronic Engineering in Oceanography, 73 78. Figure 1: The Neap Tidal Pattern during the sampling period (10:00-16:00 local time-GMT) and the Potential Energy Anomaly (a) (b) Figure 2 (a): Water temperature contour in relation to depth, during the sampling period (b): Water salinity contour in relation to depth, during the sampling period (b) Figure (3) (a): Plot of Chlorophyll fluorescence in relation to depth, during the day (b): Plot of Light Transmission in relation to depth, during the day Figure (4): Chlorophyll concentration and water temperature in relation to time (from February 2016 to October 2016) Figure 5: Turbidity in relation to depth, during the day   Ã‚  

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Culture Clash: The Puritans and the Native Americans :: American America History

In 1608, a group of Christian separatists from the Church of England fled to the Netherlands and then to the "New World" in search of the freedom to practice their fundamentalist form of Christianity (dubbed Puritanism). The group of people known as the Native Americans (or American Indians) are the aboriginal inhabitants of the Northern and Southern American continents who are believed to have migrated across the Bering land bridge from Asia around 30,000 years ago. When these two societies collided, years of enforced ideology, oppression and guerrilla warfare were begun. The great barriers of religion, ethics and world-views are the three largest factors which lead to the culture clash between the Puritans and the Native Americans. Religion played a very important role in both Puritan and Native American society, though their ideologies differed greatly. According to Puritan beliefs, God had chosen a select number of people to join him in heaven as his elect. The Native Americans, on the other hand, believed that everyone was the same; no one was better than anyone else. As Sitting Bull once said, "Each man is good in [the Great Spirit's] sight. (Quotes from our Native Past). This theory was in direct conflict with the Puritan's view. The means through which the beliefs of these two groups were carried on also differed greatly. The Puritans had their Bible which detailed their entire religion and held the answers to all possible questions. The Native Americans on the other hand relied on oral transmission of their theology. Thus, while the Puritans had a constant place to turn to when they wanted to figure out what they believed, Native Americans were forced to fill in the blanks between stories they had heard when it came to their basic ideals. This aspect made them both unable to relate to one another. The most prominent difference between the two religions were their gods. The Puritans believed in one God and one God only. The Native Americans, though also worshipping their own almighty "Great Spirit," took further reverence for all living (and once living) things, worshipping the trees and their ancestors as well as their omnipotent Tirawa (or Wakan Tanka). The Puritans, holding all aspects of the Bible literal and as divine mandate, saw this worship of beings other than their God as idolatry (which was in clear violation of the first commandment). Therefore, the Puritans held the Native American society as a society wallowing in sin. Culture Clash: The Puritans and the Native Americans :: American America History In 1608, a group of Christian separatists from the Church of England fled to the Netherlands and then to the "New World" in search of the freedom to practice their fundamentalist form of Christianity (dubbed Puritanism). The group of people known as the Native Americans (or American Indians) are the aboriginal inhabitants of the Northern and Southern American continents who are believed to have migrated across the Bering land bridge from Asia around 30,000 years ago. When these two societies collided, years of enforced ideology, oppression and guerrilla warfare were begun. The great barriers of religion, ethics and world-views are the three largest factors which lead to the culture clash between the Puritans and the Native Americans. Religion played a very important role in both Puritan and Native American society, though their ideologies differed greatly. According to Puritan beliefs, God had chosen a select number of people to join him in heaven as his elect. The Native Americans, on the other hand, believed that everyone was the same; no one was better than anyone else. As Sitting Bull once said, "Each man is good in [the Great Spirit's] sight. (Quotes from our Native Past). This theory was in direct conflict with the Puritan's view. The means through which the beliefs of these two groups were carried on also differed greatly. The Puritans had their Bible which detailed their entire religion and held the answers to all possible questions. The Native Americans on the other hand relied on oral transmission of their theology. Thus, while the Puritans had a constant place to turn to when they wanted to figure out what they believed, Native Americans were forced to fill in the blanks between stories they had heard when it came to their basic ideals. This aspect made them both unable to relate to one another. The most prominent difference between the two religions were their gods. The Puritans believed in one God and one God only. The Native Americans, though also worshipping their own almighty "Great Spirit," took further reverence for all living (and once living) things, worshipping the trees and their ancestors as well as their omnipotent Tirawa (or Wakan Tanka). The Puritans, holding all aspects of the Bible literal and as divine mandate, saw this worship of beings other than their God as idolatry (which was in clear violation of the first commandment). Therefore, the Puritans held the Native American society as a society wallowing in sin.

Friday, October 11, 2019

Motivation Techniques for Businesses to Motivate the Work Force Essay

Motivation Techniques for Businesses to Motivate the Work Force Introduction ============ For this assignment I am going to look at different motivational techniques that businesses use in order to motivate their work force, I will then decide on which I feel to be the most effective and why it is so effective. Hypothesis ========== All businesses want a motivated workforce, and expend a lot of time and money in order to attempt to achieve this, what these people need to look at is the common goals that there employees hold, for example: Self-esteem: needs for self -respect and self-confidence, for autonomy, for achievement, for competence, for knowledge. Status: needs for recognition, for appreciation, for the deserved respect of others. These needs tend to be at the top of most employees priority list, once these are fulfilled the employee will be happy and therefore motivated, e.g. if a worker is appreciated and competent in their job, they tend to be happier and therefore more highly motivated, but if they do not fully understand their job, and do not feel appreciated for what they do, they tend to feel unhappy and under perform. It is only recently that employers have learnt to be more like coaches then law enforcement officers in the workplace, they have discovered that it is far more effective to praise an employee rather than punish them, and give them constructive criticism rather than shout at them Another factor that strongly affects employees' motivation is security, if an employee feels secure in their job, i.e. have a permanent position there than they will be a lot happier and therefore ... ...y would much rather be payed a reasonable salary in a job they enjoy instead of a high salary in one that they don't. The perfect worker in my view is somebody who enjoys what they do, and therefore does it well. Evaluation ---------- I have come to the conclusion that happiness is the key to the perfect workforce because as they say 'a happy worker is a good worker.' I also feel that we have only scratched the surface of motivation in the workplace, it is only now that people have realised due to being open-minded just how huge a part psychology has to play in the effectiveness of a workforce, and there are still bosses that believe that discipline is the way to go rather than encouragement, so if these people could open their minds I think that the world of work would be better for employees everywhere.

Bereavement Support for Older Adults

Running Head: Bereavement Support for Older Adults Six Session Group: Bereavement Support for Older Adults Bereavement Support for Older Adults Purpose: To create a safe environment for people to express his or her feelings of grief which will hopefully enable them to reconcile his or her loss and begin to reinvest in life by learning through educational support, coping tools in the absence of a loved one Group Goals/Objectives: To foster self-awareness, healing, new friends, sense of community, support of others, education about grief and learning coping skills through psycho-educational approach.Our goal is to not stop the pain or forget about the loved one but to help members live with the loved memory in a way that doesn’t cause pain. Bereavement Support for Older Adults Outline I. Group Rationale A. Grief is the emotional reaction to a significant loss II. Target Population A. Older Adults a. Bereavement III. Summary A. Mrs. Moore IV. Group Structure & Screening V. Length of Group A. VI. Theories & Techniques A. reminiscence model framework B. Writing/ Journaling C. Art VII. Leadership Style/Skills A. Democratic a. Caring, . Empathetic B. Excellent Communication VIII. Evaluation/Conclusion Bereavement Support for Older Adults Agency: Golden Grief Counseling agency is a bereavement agency that offers services on general grief and loss support group several times throughout the year at various locations in Central Florida. The group typically meets one day a week for about six consecutive weeks. This is a free group, but registration and prescreening evaluation is required to determine the appropriateness of participants to try and obtain group cohesion.All groups will be based on Homogeneity To be eligible to participate potential members must be at least 69 years of age; 3 or 4 months or more after the loss of a loved one(however, some participants may want to join sooner and Golden Grief Counseling agency will respect a bereaved participant interes ts in joining the group based on his or her personal grief journey. Golden Grief Counseling agency certainly realizes what works for one person may not be suitable for the next. 1. Group Rationale:Grief is the emotional reaction to a significant loss, such as the death of a loved one (bereavement) or no longer being independent with activities of daily living. People may use the words â€Å"sorrow† and â€Å"heartache† to describe feelings of grief(Bonifas,2010) Whether an individual loses a beloved person, an animal, place or object, or a valued way of life, such as a job, marriage or good health, some level of grief will naturally follow (Bonifas,2010) For this support group, the focus was on bereavement.Bereavement support groups are increasingly being recognized as an effective way to promote healing through education and support after the loss of a loved one or close friend (Steinberg, 2012). Although support groups Bereavement Support for Older Adults do not full y resolve grief, particularly when they are time limited, but they can promote acceptance that life will be different and that life will be okay and hopeful (Steinberg, 2012) 2. Target Population/Intake:The target population for this proposal is adults 69 years or older due to the transition of becoming a senior adult, the experience can be a greater struggle simply by a person stage of life (Senior Citizen’s Guide, 2013). 3 Selections of Members All potential participants were prescreened by an approved facilitator as to their appropriateness for the group. It is important for each participant to understand the purpose and goals of the group in order to support a positive group experience for all parties involved. 4. Group Structure:The group is intended to be primarily psycho-educational and change oriented group. The main activities of the sessions will center on education about the grieving process, information regarding learning coping skills/tools, healing, sense of com munity, and support of others with an emphasis of self-awareness. The group will be a closed ended group with no new members added once group has started. The size of the group shall be 8- 12 participants within a circle. Duration of the group shall last six weeks. The group will meet weekly with an anticipated length of about 1. to 2 hours. Bereavement Support for Older Adults 5. Theories and Techniques Individuals will learn the process of identifying skills to regulate depression using reminiscence model framework, role-play, contemporary grief work model for a more integrative method, cognitive behavioral model as well as learning how to counter negative thinking and build skills and coping abilities (Greif, Ephross, 2011). The goals and objective of the group will be met by: * Group Processing * Video * Speaker * Reminiscence * Peer Support * Group Work Activities/Games * Fun Homework Assignments . Leadership Skills: The facilitator is a Social Worker with grief group experienc e in bereavement support groups. The facilitator has the responsibility of facilitating, listening, observing and processing. As a facilitator he or she should walk alongside rather than leading the grieving individual along the unpredictable road toward a new adaptation ( Greif, Ephross, 2011). The Facilitator is to Bereavement Support for Older Adults help the group understand the group purpose, establish the groups structure of when, where, how long group will meet.The facilitator should be empathetic, warm, compassionate and caring with a nurturing and warm atmosphere. Client Summary Mrs. Moore a 76 year widow was referred by her daughter for a pre-evaluation at the Golden Grief Counseling agency. Her daughter was concerned that her mother, Mrs. Moore was depressed /grieving since the loss of her son and then the loss of her husband two years after. Mrs. Moore’s daughter stated her mother once was active and full of life, but now her mother is not showing up for appointme nts with doctors, family and friends. Mrs.Moore was evaluated neurologically and neuropsychologically by a medical doctor and both tests were negative. However, it was reported that she had symptoms of depression which started after the death of her son and husband. Mrs. Moore wondered if her lack of energy was due to a physical ailment or if it was a normal part of grief. Mrs. Moore voluntarily decided to seek a bereavement support group session at the Golden Grief Counseling Agency. Mrs. Moore registered and was pre-screened as a potential client at the Golden Grief Counseling Agency to take part of the free bereavement group session.Mrs. Moore received a welcome letter and a courtesy call specifying days, times, location and duration of group and what to expect on her first day. It was pre-arranged that Mrs. Moore’s daughter bring her to the first session. Bereavement Support for Older Adults 7. Introduction/Breaking the Ice: The facilitator introduces himself or herself t o the group in a warm, compassionate and caring way. The facilitator defines group rules and instructs members in a warm, appropriate way about roles and skills needed for effective group participation and group cohesion.The facilitator asks every group member to introduce themselves. Objective of Group Development: 1. Reduces the initial anxiety and misconceptions about joining a group 2. Preaffiliation, members may be guarded at first 3. Provides information and instruction about group to facilitate the member’s ability to provide informed consent. 4. Achieve consensus between group leader and group members on the objectives of the group session 8. Pre-group Activities/Intervention: 1.The preparation session occurs after the group members have had a pre-group written handout that describes what the grief process is and how group works, roles of group leaders and group members, or goals for the group, specific skills to be used in the group, topics and typical activities tha t the group will be experiencing. 2. The group will view a 5 -10 minute video tape of bereavement groups/educational groups. 3. During the pre-group activities, each group member were asked the question â€Å"What they hoped they get from the group. 4. We want all group members to feel comfortable sharing, crying and talking.During the course of the group, group members have the right to leave if they feel the group is not beneficial and are encouraged to look for another group if they desire. First Week Session included information about bereavement, education about grief and the skills to cope. Next several sessions over the six week session can include * Education about Grief * Handling the Holidays * What to do with loved one’s possessions * Reinvesting in Life * Establishing memorials * Meaningful rituals 9. Evaluation/ Conclusion: Over the course of the group session, Mrs.Moore and others was able to talk about and tolerate her feelings more openly. She also began to r e-engage in social activities after the 6 week group session after using several techniques. Mrs. Moore expressed her grief by writing her deceased husband a letter and reading it out loud at his grave. Each member of the group received a questionnaire evaluation in the mail as well as a courtesy call asking the group member three questions 1. What did they get from the group? 2. What are they doing differently before coming to group? 3. What would they like to group to do differently to help others?One example of NASW code of ethics would be the importance of human relationship. Reference Greif, G. L & Ephross, P. H (2011) Group Work with Populations at Risk York, NY: Oxford University Press Grief, Loss and Bereavement in Older Adults [Slide set]. 2013 Arizona State University School of Social Work Complied by Bonifas, R. P (2013)Grief Support for Older Adults Senior Citizen’s Guide. Retrieved from http://www. seniorcitizensguide. com/articles/pittsburgh/grief-support-html S teinberg, M. W (2013) Social Worker Help Start Here â€Å"Grief and Loss- Your Options: Bereavement Support Groups